EXPLANATORY DICTIONARY OF ASHYG ART

K

Karabakh dubeyti - this melody created by Ashyg Valeh is played based on the poetry form of gerayli from Shah parda in general tune.

Karabakh gaytaghi - this melody is played from Becha parda.

Karabakh Shikastasi - 1. This melody is played in Jangi and Urfani tunes in the spirit of Jangi from Becha and Urfani pardas. 2. There is zerb mugham called "Karabakh Shikastasi" in the oral tradition professional music of Azerbaijan. Uzeyir Hajibeyli used this mugham in the opera "Asli and Karam" and Vasif Adigozalov wrote the oratorio "Karabakh Shikastasi".

Karam dubeyti - this melody from the epos of "Asli and Karam" is played based on the poetry form of gerayli starting from Shah and Main parda in General tune.

Karam gozallama - its other name is "Ahmadi Karami". The melody is played based on the poetry form of goshma from Main parda in Dilgami tune. Mainly, it is played in Shah parda tune.

Karam parda's high-pitched sound - the twelfth parda in the arm of saz, octava of Karam parda (see: plaining pardas).

Keshish oghlu - the melody is related to the name of Ashyg. This melody in the spirit of Jangi is played based on the poetry form of goshma starting from Garachi tune in General tune.

Khanchobani - 1. The dance "Khanchobani", a folk dance (or national dance) named in honor of the people of Khanchobani coming from southern Azerbaijan to Shirvan in XVII – XVIII centuries, is in the fast tempo. Mostly, men dance to this song. 2. This melody created by Ashyg Khan Choban is also called "Jalali". It is played based on the poetry form of gerayli in general tune from Shah parda.

Khane (Bar) - any beginning in a piece of music starting with strong rhythm and then ending with next strong rhythm is called bar (tact). Bars are separated from one –another with horizontal lines drawn over the note line. This is called bar line. Meters on bar and their measures form the measure of bar. Bar measure is written in fractional form. Numerator denotes the number of notes on bar and denominator denotes their measure. This style is based on while copying Ashyg melodies on note as all music genres (see: tact).

Khanende - this name mainly refers to singer perfectly mastering the art of mugham . As a rule, he/ she also functions as drummer in the group of khanende – sazende (in an ensemble of trio).
Kherek - a device limiting the length of the part in which strings sound in string musical instruments. There is 3 khereks in saz – "chanag kherek", "sine kherek" and "boghma kherek". It is placed between upper deck and strings. It is processed either from a small piece of wood or a piece of cattle horn. Kherek intensifies voice by passing the vibration of strings to the body of the instrument.

Khoyrat - it is the form of lyrical poem which is very popular and widepsread among Turkish-speaking population of Irag.

Kinaye (Trope) - it is one of the types of humor, secret ridicule. In addition, trope is also one of the artistic metaphors. Trope means the use of word in its opposite meaning or sense.

Kocheri - its other name is "Kurdu kocheri". This melody which is supposed to be created by Ashyg Mammadhuseyn is played in General tune.

Kok (Tune) - 6 tunes are used in saz to perform traditional Ashyg melodies (see: saz).

1. Main tune
top string	middle string	bottom string
2. Shah tune (general tune).
top string	middle string	bottom string
3. Middle tune ("Tajnis" or "Urfani" tune)
top string	middle string	bottom string
4. Divani tune
top string	middle string	bottom string
5. "Choban bayati" tune
top string	middle string	bottom string
6. Open tune
top string	middle string	bottom string

Kok parda - tuning parda is the ninth parda in the arm of saz. This parda was called as "ayag" (foot) of Shah parda by Ashyg Shamshir (Kalbajar) and as Jangi by Amrah Gulmammadov and Huseyn Sarajli, Ashygs from Borchali (see: ayag parda).

Koroghlu - its other name is "Koroghlunun zil gaytaghi" and "Chartoy Koroghlu". (see: Atli Koroghlu). It is played from Garachi tune and Shah parda in General tune.

Koroghlu bozughu - the melody is played on the basis of poetry form of goshma starting from Divani parda in Misri tune.

Koroghlu gaytarmasi - it is a melody related to person names, the names of legendary heroes, people's welfare, ceremonies and dances. There is also an ancient dance in the spirit of warrior named "Koroghlu nagharasi" (literally Koroghlu's drum).

Koroghlu gozallamasi - its other name is "Koroghlu gaytaghy". It is played based on the poetry form of gerayli starting from Garachi tune and Shah parda in General tune.

Koroghlu's gol - (gol – meaning part, a part of poem) separate plots related to the visits of hero, parts of the epos "Koroghlu". (see: gol)

Koroghlu mukhammasi - this melody from the series of "Koroghlu" is played in Urfani tune, Urfani parda.

Koroghlu's zil gaytaghi - see: Koroghlu.

Koroghlukhan - the name given to narrator Ashyg or teller who tells or promotes the heroic epos "Koroghlu" in a better way.

Kor parda (literally, blind act) - the third, fifth and eigth pardas in the arm of saz – it plays secondary role being used as chromatic semi-tone in the saz of Ashyg Islam Yusubov (Ganja), chromatic semi – tones or melismatic decorating sounds in Ashyg music, therefore, it was called as "yetim parda" (literally, orphan act), "kor parda" (literally, blind act), "segir parda" (literally, lame act), "lal parda" (literally, dumb) (see: lal parda, semi – parda, segir parda).

Kuplet (Couplet) - 1. A peom in comic or satirical nature, mostly, in the spirit of joke; it is played on stage, operetta and vaudevilles. 2. There may be some couplets in vocal music, especially in songs. Separately, four lines of each poem in folk lyrics (including, Ashyg poem) is called – couplet or verse.

Kurdu gerayli - its main name is "Shagai gerayli". It is related to tribal name and poetic form. Its other names are "Shagai gerayli" or "Iran's gerayli".. It is played based on the poetry form of gerayli starting from Garachi parda, General tune.